{"id":169,"date":"2013-04-02T18:22:09","date_gmt":"2013-04-02T17:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/?p=169"},"modified":"2014-02-07T16:54:55","modified_gmt":"2014-02-07T15:54:55","slug":"activite-interne-du-globe-terrestre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/?p=169","title":{"rendered":"Activit\u00e9 interne du globe terrestre"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><span style=\"line-height: 13px;\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"TheTexte\">\n<p>Nous avons vu en classe de cinqui\u00e8me que les paysages pouvaient \u00eatre modifi\u00e9s par des facteurs environnementaux tels que l&rsquo;eau, le vent, le gel, l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 humaine &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;autres modifications sont elles le r\u00e9sultats d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 plus interne au globe.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kuwhXl4Dsgg?rel=0\" height=\"315\" width=\"560\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Comment expliquer l&rsquo;existence de ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes naturels comme les s\u00e9ismes ?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">partie 1: Les\u00a0s\u00e9ismes.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; text-decoration: underline;\">1\/ Observation de s\u00e9isme<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">activit\u00e9 1 : relev\u00e9 d&rsquo;informations sur les s\u00e9ismes<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A partir des documents propos\u00e9s,relevez \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide d&rsquo;un tableau les informations correspondantes aux diff\u00e9rents s\u00e9ismes pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>remarqu<\/strong>e: faire appara\u00eetre la localisation, les modifications du paysage enregistr\u00e9es, l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 du s\u00e9isme, les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts mat\u00e9riels et humains.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Articles de presse relatifs au s\u00e9ismes<\/span> <\/strong>:<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"256*\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" width=\"100%\">\n<h2><span style=\"color: #339900;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\"><span>Un s\u00e9isme majeur frappe Ha\u00efti et d\u00e9vaste la capitale Port-au-Prince<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #666666;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\" palais pr\u00e9sidentiel Port-au-Prince\" src=\"http:\/\/www.notre-planete.info\/actualites\/images\/catastrophes\/haiti_seisme_012010.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" name=\"images1\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" vspace=\"2\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"color: #666666;\"><span>Le palais pr\u00e9sidentiel \u00e0 Port-au-prince s&rsquo;est effondr\u00e9<br \/>\n\u00a9 Lisandro Suero \/\u00a0<\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/radioteleginen.ning.com\/profiles\/blog\/list\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span>Radio Tele Ginen<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Un s\u00e9isme de magnitude 7 a frapp\u00e9 Ha\u00efti plongeant la capitale dans le chaos, sous un \u00e9pais nuage de poussi\u00e8res. Les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts sont consid\u00e9rables et le bilan des victimes d\u00e9passe 300 000 morts&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"JUSTIFY\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">Selon\u00a0<\/span><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/recenteqsww\/Quakes\/us2010rja6.php\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">U.S. Geological Survey<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">, l&rsquo;Institut am\u00e9ricain de g\u00e9ophysique, ce tremblement de terre majeur a \u00e9t\u00e9 localis\u00e9 \u00e0 seulement 25 km \u00e0 l&rsquo;ouest de la capitale Port-au-Prince dont l&rsquo;aire urbaine compte pr\u00e8s de 4 millions d&rsquo;habitants. Le foyer du s\u00e9isme \u00a0n&rsquo;est situ\u00e9 qu&rsquo;\u00e0 seulement 13 km de profondeur, ce qui en fait un s\u00e9isme tr\u00e8s superficiel et explique son intensit\u00e9 en surface. Il est survenu \u00e0 16 h 53 heure locale le 12 janvier (22 h 53 heure de Paris). Avec une magnitude de 7, il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un s\u00e9isme majeur, comme il s&rsquo;en produit moins d&rsquo;une vingtaine par an dans le monde. Ha\u00efti n&rsquo;avait pas connu pareil s\u00e9isme depuis le milieu du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"256*\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"TOP\" width=\"100%\">\n<h1><span style=\"color: #16212c;\"><span style=\"font-family: TheSerifOffice, georgia, serif;\">Violent s\u00e9isme au large de l&rsquo;Alaska, alerte au tsunami lev\u00e9e<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #16212c;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/s1.lemde.fr\/image\/2013\/01\/05\/534x267\/1813288_3_1731_le-pacifique-est-regulierement-touche-par-des_1d4232117876b8e14a5f351229d1c5ed.jpg\" width=\"534\" height=\"267\" name=\"images1\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium; font-family: arial, freeSans, sans-serif; color: #16212c; text-transform: uppercase;\">Un s\u00e9isme de magnitude 7,7 s&rsquo;est produit t\u00f4t samedi 5 janvier dans l&rsquo;Oc\u00e9an pacifique, au large des c\u00f4tes de l&rsquo;Alaska, et a provoqu\u00e9 une mont\u00e9e des eaux sur les c\u00f4tes, ont annonc\u00e9 samedi 5 janvier les autorit\u00e9s am\u00e9ricaines. L&rsquo;alerte au tsunami a toutefois \u00e9t\u00e9 lev\u00e9e peu apr\u00e8s, la vague ne pr\u00e9sentant pas de danger.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9picentre du s\u00e9isme, qui s&rsquo;est produit \u00e0 09 h 58 (heure de Paris), est situ\u00e9 \u00e0 102 km \u00e0 l&rsquo;ouest de la ville de Craig et \u00e0 une profondeur de neuf kilom\u00e8tres, a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 le\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/centre\/\"><span style=\"color: #16212c;\">Centre<\/span><\/a>\u00a0am\u00e9ricain de g\u00e9ophysique, ajoutant que ni d\u00e9g\u00e2ts ni victimes n&rsquo;avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;imm\u00e9diat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Quelques photographies apr\u00e8s s\u00e9ismes :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"128*\" \/>\n<col width=\"128*\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"50%\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.google.fr\/url?source=imglanding&amp;ct=img&amp;q=http:\/\/ds1.ds.static.rtbf.be\/article\/big_info\/e\/e\/f\/624_341_photo_1299865131461-1-0.jpg&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=flImUrfRHsjG7AbVl4GoCA&amp;ved=0CAkQ8wc47QE&amp;usg=AFQjCNHsuhWy02-xWSjnNO4h2boVsdOnrw\" width=\"314\" height=\"166\" name=\"images2\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/td>\n<td width=\"50%\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/tsunami-bateau.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-452\" alt=\"tsunami bateau\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/tsunami-bateau.jpg\" width=\"263\" height=\"191\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-rail.jpg\"><br \/>\n<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"50%\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-447\" alt=\"seisme\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme.jpg\" width=\"514\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme.jpg 514w, https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-300x203.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 514px) 100vw, 514px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"50%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-rail.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-450\" alt=\"seisme rail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-rail.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-rail.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-rail-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>les manifestations des s\u00e9ismes sont :<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Oriane 4eme5 \u00a0 07\/09\/13<\/span><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"3\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"79*\" \/>\n<col width=\"60*\" \/>\n<col width=\"74*\" \/>\n<col width=\"44*\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"31%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">exemple<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"23%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">japon<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"29%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">haiti<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">alaska<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"31%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">localisation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"23%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Au nord-est du japon et \u00e0 Tokyo<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"29%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Aux alentours de <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Port- au-Prince<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Dans l&rsquo;oc\u00e9an pacifique au large des cotes de l&rsquo;alaska<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"31%\" height=\"182\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">modifications du paysage<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"23%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Routes d\u00e9truites , b\u00e2timents engloutis par le tsunami , tout \u00e0 reconstruire .<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"29%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Des maisons d\u00e9truites , le palais pr\u00e9sidentiel <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">s&rsquo;est effondr\u00e9 , des routes d\u00e9truites et des villes \u00e0 reconstruire .<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Mont\u00e9e des eaux momentan\u00e9es , transport de bois .<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"31%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">intensit\u00e9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"23%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">8,9 <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"29%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">7,7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"31%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">d\u00e9g\u00e2ts mat\u00e9riels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"23%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Beaucoup de d\u00e9g\u00e2ts , fuite nucl\u00e9aires <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"29%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts sont consid\u00e9rables<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Pas de d\u00e9g\u00e2ts<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"31%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">d\u00e9g\u00e2ts humains<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"23%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Au moins 1000 morts<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"29%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">300 000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"17%\">\n<p align=\"LEFT\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;\">Pas de victimes <\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-transform: none; color: #ff0000;\">bilan : Les s\u00e9ismes correspondent \u00e0 des vibrations\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; text-transform: none; color: #ff0000;\">brutales du sol qui se propagent.<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><strong><span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Comment mesurer l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un\u00a0s\u00e9ismes\u00a0?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<h2><strong>\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; text-decoration: underline;\">2 \/ mesure d&rsquo;un s\u00e9isme\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>les \u00e9chelles utilis\u00e9es et leur correspondance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u2019\u00e9chelle de Richte<\/strong>r :\u00c9chelle sismique de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence qui \u00e9value l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie des s\u00e9ismes\u00a0par la valeur de la magnitude;\u00a0elle signifie que les ondes sismiques d&rsquo;un s\u00e9isme de magnitude 6 ont une amplitude dix fois plus grande que celles d&rsquo;un s\u00e9isme de magnitude 5.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/echelle-de-richter-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-463\" alt=\"echelle de richter 1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/echelle-de-richter-1.jpg\" width=\"224\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/echelle-de-richter-1.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/echelle-de-richter-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Mercalli :Echelle de classification des s\u00e9ismes. Elle est subjective, fond\u00e9e sur l&rsquo;\u00e9tendue des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts observ\u00e9s et le ressenti des t\u00e9moins.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/echelle-de-mercalli.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-462\" alt=\"echelle de mercalli\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/echelle-de-mercalli.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/echelle-de-mercalli.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/echelle-de-mercalli-300x236.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"128*\" \/>\n<col width=\"128*\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"50%\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-relation-bombe-magnitude.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-465\" alt=\"seisme relation bombe magnitude\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-relation-bombe-magnitude.jpg\" width=\"346\" height=\"271\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-relation-bombe-magnitude.jpg 346w, https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-relation-bombe-magnitude-300x234.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td width=\"50%\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-frequence-magnitude.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-464\" alt=\"seisme frequence magnitude\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-frequence-magnitude.jpg\" width=\"375\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-frequence-magnitude.jpg 375w, https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/seisme-frequence-magnitude-300x217.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Quelles sont les diff\u00e9rences entre les informations donn\u00e9es par l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle de Richter et celle de Mercalli ?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">A partir du site \u00ab\u00a0<a title=\"renass\" href=\"http:\/\/renass.unistra.fr\/\">ReNASS<\/a> \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 13px;\">que peut on dire sur la fr\u00e9quence de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 sismique en m\u00e9tropole ?<\/span><\/li>\n<li>quelle est la magnitude du s\u00e9isme le plus important enregistr\u00e9 ces 15 derniers jours en m\u00e9tropole ?<\/li>\n<li>A quoi cette intensit\u00e9 correspond elle au niveau du ressenti des t\u00e9moins locaux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>pour info <a title=\"best of seimes\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/international\/2011\/03\/11\/01003-20110311ARTFIG00522-les-seismes-les-plus-puissants-depuis-un-siecle.php\">:les plus puissants et les plus meurtriers des s\u00e9ismes enregistr\u00e9s<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; text-decoration: underline;\">3\/ outils de mesure : le sismographe.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">le \u00ab<strong>s\u00e9ismoscope<\/strong>\u00bb,\u00a0premier appareil rudimentaire de mesure sismologique, \u00a0a \u00e9t\u00e9 invent\u00e9 par un math\u00e9maticien et astronome chinois, Zhang-Heng, au premier si\u00e8cle. Il permettait de d\u00e9finir la direction dans laquelle avait eu lieu un tremblement de terre. Ce dispositif lui aurait notamment permit de d\u00e9tecter depuis la ville de Luoyang le s\u00e9isme qui d\u00e9truisit la ville de Long xi, distante d&rsquo;environ 500 kilom\u00e8tres, le 1 mars 138.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Le principe du sismographe est le suivant :<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cea.fr\/var\/cea\/storage\/static\/fr\/jeunes\/animation\/aLaLoupe\/sismometre\/animation.htm\" target=\"_blank\">cliquez ici<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/?p=675\">maquettes \u00e9l\u00e8ves<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">activit\u00e9 2: atelier s\u00e9isme avec mesure en\u00a0 ExAO<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>simulation de propagation d&rsquo;ondes sismiques \u00e0 travers diff\u00e9rents mat\u00e9riaux.<\/p>\n<p>enregistrement des \u00ab\u00a0ondes sismiques \u00a0\u00bb du mod\u00e8le \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide du dispositif exao jeulin<\/p>\n<p>exemple de courbe obtenue en classe:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/courbe-sismo.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-679\" alt=\"courbe sismo\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/courbe-sismo.jpg\" width=\"325\" height=\"218\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/courbe-sismo.jpg 325w, https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/courbe-sismo-300x201.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 325px) 100vw, 325px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>constat:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"line-height: 13px;\">une onde se propage \u00e0 travers le mat\u00e9riau<\/span><\/li>\n<li>la vitesse de propagation est proportionnelle \u00e0 la rigidit\u00e9 du mat\u00e9riau<\/li>\n<li>avec la distance l&rsquo;intensit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;onde diminue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Qu&rsquo;est ce qui peut \u00eatre \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine d&rsquo;un s\u00e9isme ?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000; text-decoration: underline;\">4 \/ cause d&rsquo;un s\u00e9isme<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00e9tude du mod\u00e8le de formation de s\u00e9isme (maquette du pistolet)<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rxuFpRyurxE\" height=\"315\" width=\"420\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Bilan : Des contraintes s&rsquo;exer\u00e7ant en permanence sur \u00a0les roches conduisent \u00e0 une accumulation d\u2019\u00e9nergie qui finit par provoquer leur rupture.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.biologieenflash.net\/animation.php?ref=geo-0087-1\" target=\"_blank\">\u00a0mod\u00e8le s\u00e9isme<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0sch\u00e9ma bilan<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/schema-bilan-seisme.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-682\" alt=\"schema bilan seisme\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/schema-bilan-seisme.jpg\" width=\"282\" height=\"179\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Bilan : Ils r\u00e9sultent\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">d&rsquo;une rupture des roches en profondeur \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine de la lib\u00e9ration d&rsquo;ondes sismiques qui\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">provoquent des d\u00e9formations \u00e0 la surface de la\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Terre.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>bilan : Le foyer du s\u00e9isme est le lieu o\u00f9 se produit la<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong> rupture.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong> A partir du foyer, la d\u00e9formation se propage.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong><span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">5 \/ localisation des\u00a0s\u00e9ismes\u00a0dans le monde.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">\u00a0<cite>www.<b>edusismo<\/b>.org\/<\/cite>\u200e<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/eduterre.ens-lyon.fr\/eduterre-usages\/ressources_gge\/seismes\/seismes\">http:\/\/eduterre.ens-lyon.fr\/eduterre-usages\/ressources_gge\/seismes\/seismes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>puis cliquez sur le lien \u00a0\u00bb r\u00e9partition mondiale des s\u00e9ismes\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>bilan :Les s\u00e9ismes sont particuli\u00e8rement fr\u00e9quents dans certaines zones de la surface terrestre.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong> Ils se produisent surtout dans les cha\u00eenes de<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong> montagnes, pr\u00e8s des fosses oc\u00e9aniques et aussi<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong> le long de l&rsquo;axe des dorsales.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">partie 2 : le volcanisme.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">1\/ observations des manifestations volcaniques<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>A partir de la vid\u00e9o d\u00e9terminez les deux principaux types de volcans et notez \u00e0 quelles manifestations et caract\u00e9ristiques ils sont associ\u00e9es<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ueeBRwWd-q8?rel=0\" height=\"315\" width=\"420\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>A partir de la vid\u00e9o, compl\u00e9tez le tableau d&rsquo;informations suivant :<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"85*\" \/>\n<col width=\"85*\" \/>\n<col width=\"85*\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"33%\">Type de volcanisme<\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\">Type 1:<\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\">Type 2 :<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"33%\">Forme de l&rsquo;\u00e9difice volcanique<\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"33%\">\u00c9tat de la lave<\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"33%\">Coul\u00e9es de lave<\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"33%\">Intensit\u00e9 d&rsquo;explosion<\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"33%\">Projections<\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"33%\">Fr\u00e9quence des \u00e9ruptions<\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"33%\">Dur\u00e9e des \u00e9ruptions<\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"33%\">Exemple<\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"33%\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Volcan-explosif.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-604\" alt=\"Volcan explosif\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Volcan-explosif.gif\" width=\"400\" height=\"254\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/tungurahua-explosion-30-mai-2010.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-603\" alt=\"tungurahua-explosion-30-mai-2010\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/tungurahua-explosion-30-mai-2010.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/tungurahua-explosion-30-mai-2010.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/tungurahua-explosion-30-mai-2010-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000; text-decoration: underline;\">sch\u00e9ma bilan des diff\u00e9rents types de volcans<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/schema-deux-types-volcans.bmp\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-602\" alt=\"schema deux types volcans\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/schema-deux-types-volcans.bmp\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00a0bilan:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Le volcanisme est l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e en surface de magma et se manifeste par deux grands types d\u2019\u00e9ruptions.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Les manifestations volcaniques sont des \u00e9missions de lave et de gaz. Les mat\u00e9riaux \u00e9mis constituent l\u2019\u00e9difice volcanique.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">L\u2019arriv\u00e9e en surface de certains magmas donne naissance \u00e0 des coul\u00e9es de lave, l\u2019arriv\u00e9e d\u2019autres magmas est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par des explosions projetant des mat\u00e9riaux.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">2\/ mode de formation du magma en profondeur (facultatif)<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #c0c0c0;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Des \u00e9tudiants en SVT de l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Lille se sont int\u00e9ress\u00e9s \u00e0 la formation du magma \u00e0 partir de roches en profondeur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Apr\u00e8s avoir propos\u00e9 plusieurs hypoth\u00e8ses, ils se sont lanc\u00e9s dans des exp\u00e9riences afin de tester leur hypoth\u00e8se.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Pour cela, ils ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de travailler sur des roches appel\u00e9es basaltes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Les r\u00e9sultats de leur exp\u00e9rience les plus significatifs sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans le tableau ci-dessous.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c0c0c0;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"458\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"85\" \/>\n<col width=\"85\" \/>\n<col width=\"72\" \/>\n<col width=\"72\" \/>\n<col width=\"72\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Exp\u00e9rience 1<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Exp\u00e9rience 2<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Exp\u00e9rience 3<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Exp\u00e9rience 4<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">mat\u00e9riaux<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Basalte<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Basalte<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Basalte<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Basalte +eau<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Temp\u00e9rature en \u00b0c<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">1300<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">1400<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">1300<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">1300<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Pression en M Pa<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">3000<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">3000<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">2500<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">3000<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"TOP\">\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">phase<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">solide<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Solide +liquide<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Solide + liquide +gaz<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">liquide<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">3\/\u00a0moteur de remont\u00e9e du magma en surface<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">logiciel de la cit\u00e9 des sciences : <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cite-sciences.fr\/francais\/ala_cite\/evenements\/quand-la-terre-gronde\/volcans\/eruptions-volcaniques.html\">quand la terre gronde<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em style=\"color: #c0c0c0; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">\u00a0<\/em><span style=\"color: #000000;\">maquettes de mod\u00e9lisation d&rsquo;\u00e9ruption volcanique<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">bilan :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">le d\u00e9gazage du magma en profondeur va permettre sa remont\u00e9e \u00e0 la surface de la plan\u00e8te<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">la nature du magma et son intensit\u00e9 de d\u00e9gazage vont contr\u00f4ler le type d&rsquo;\u00e9ruption volcanique (effusif ou explosif)<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">4\/ principe de fonctionnement d&rsquo;un volcan<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/embed\/video\/x1fnff\" height=\"270\" width=\"480\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/video\/x1fnff_schema-d-un-volcan_creation\" target=\"_blank\">Sch\u00e9ma d&rsquo;un volcan<\/a> <i>par <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymotion.com\/Anarith\" target=\"_blank\">Anarith<\/a><\/i><br \/>\nLes magmas sont contenus dans des r\u00e9servoirs<br \/>\nmagmatiques localis\u00e9s, \u00e0 plusieurs kilom\u00e8tres<br \/>\nde profondeur.<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00a05\/ r\u00e9partition du volcanisme mondial<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/eduterre.ens-lyon.fr\/eduterre-usages\/ressources_gge\/seismes\/seismes\">http:\/\/eduterre.ens-lyon.fr\/eduterre-usages\/ressources_gge\/seismes\/seismes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>puis activer l&rsquo;onglet volcanisme mondial<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">bilan : Les volcans actifs ne sont pas r\u00e9partis au hasard<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> \u00e0 la surface du globe.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> Les volcans actifs sont align\u00e9s en majorit\u00e9 en<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> bordure de continent, dans des arcs insulaires,<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> le long de grandes cassures et des dorsales<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> oc\u00e9aniques.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> Quelques volcans actifs sont isol\u00e9s.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #666699; text-decoration: underline;\">partie 3 : La terre en mouvement.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Comment expliquer la r\u00e9partition in\u00e9gale des manifestations de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 interne de la plan\u00e8te ?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>site ressource :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.biologieenflash.net\/sommaire.html\"><span style=\"line-height: 13px;\">biologie en flash<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Bilan : La partie externe de la Terre est form\u00e9e de\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">plaques lithosph\u00e9riques rigides reposant sur<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> l&rsquo;asth\u00e9nosph\u00e8re qui l\u2019est moins.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Bilan : La r\u00e9partition des s\u00e9ismes et des manifestations\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">volcaniques permet de d\u00e9limiter une douzaine<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> de plaques.<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Bilan : Les plaques sont mobiles les unes par rapport\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">aux autres et leurs mouvements transforment la<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"> surface du globe.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00c0 raison de quelques centim\u00e8tres par an, les\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">plaques s\u2019\u00e9cartent et se forment dans l&rsquo;axe des\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em id=\"__mceDel\">dorsales.<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"> Elles rapprochent et s&rsquo;enfouissent au niveau des\u00a0fosses oc\u00e9aniques.<br \/>\nbilan : La collision des continents engendre des\u00a0d\u00e9formations et aboutit \u00e0 la formation de<br \/>\ncha\u00eenes de montagnes.<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<h1><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"color: #666699; text-decoration: underline;\">partie 4 : l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 de la terre et ses risques<\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/em><\/em><\/h1>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jcrGcOLmqK4\" height=\"315\" width=\"560\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.universcience.tv\/index.php\/view-media-html5-1351.html\" height=\"324\" width=\"576\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/education.francetv.fr\/videos\/les-volcans-risques-et-prevention-v104230\">un volcanologue parle de pr\u00e9vention<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mairie-albi.fr\/dev_durable\/gestion_risques\/inondations.html\">la pr\u00e9vention des risques \u00e0 albi<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/missiontice.ac-besancon.fr\/college_pierre_et_marie_curie\/spip\/IMG\/swf\/riskgeol_jerome-2.swf\">je teste mes connaissances<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Il existe des risques naturels majeurs associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de notre environnement.<\/p>\n<h2>Risque = al\u00e9a * vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>1\/ le risque sismique\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p>un \u00e9pisode sismique ne peut se pr\u00e9voir,\u00a0 il peut juste \u00eatre mesur\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes collat\u00e9raux peuvent eux \u00eatre pr\u00e9vus ( ex\u00a0: tsunami) .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>La pr\u00e9vention est bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019installation d\u2019infrastructures parasismiques et une \u00e9ducation aux populations.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019administration locale doit organiser une carte de pr\u00e9vention des risques majeurs.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2\/ le risque volcanique\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p>un \u00e9pisode volcanique majeur peut \u00eatre pr\u00e9vu de 24 \u00e0 48 heures \u00e0 l\u2019avance.<\/p>\n<p>Cette pr\u00e9vision se base sur l\u2019activit\u00e9 sismique (tr\u00e9mors) associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la remont\u00e9e du magma pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant l\u2019\u00e9ruption. Le bombement de l\u2019\u00e9difice volcanique est aussi un signe pr\u00e9curseur d\u2019une \u00e9ruption.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>La pr\u00e9vention se r\u00e9sume \u00e0 la mise en place de plan d\u2019\u00e9vacuation \u00a0et \u00e0 une \u00e9ducation \u00e0 la population face \u00e0 ce genre de crise.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">bilan:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Les al\u00e9as sismiques et volcaniques dus \u00e0 \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">l\u2019activit\u00e9 de la plan\u00e8te engendrent des risques\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">pour l\u2019Homme.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Les principales zones \u00e0 risque sismique et\/ou\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">volcanique sont bien identifi\u00e9es.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">L&rsquo;Homme r\u00e9agit face aux risques en r\u00e9alisant :<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00a0&#8211; une pr\u00e9vision des \u00e9ruptions volcaniques\u00a0efficace fond\u00e9e sur la surveillance et la\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">connaissance du fonctionnement de chaque\u00a0volcan et par l\u2019information et l\u2019\u00e9ducation des\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em id=\"__mceDel\">populations ;<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"> &#8211; une pr\u00e9vention sismique bas\u00e9e sur\u00a0l\u2019information et l\u2019\u00e9ducation des populations\u00a0(zones \u00e0 risques \u00e0 \u00e9viter, constructions\u00a0parasismiques, conduites \u00e0 tenir avant, pendant\u00a0et apr\u00e8s les s\u00e9ismes). La pr\u00e9vision \u00e0 court terme\u00a0des s\u00e9ismes est impossible actuellement.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em id=\"__mceDel\">Des plans d\u2019am\u00e9nagement du territoire tenant\u00a0compte de ces risques sont mis en place ainsi<br \/>\nque des plans de secours et des plans\u00a0d\u2019\u00e9vacuation des populations.<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\"><em id=\"__mceDel\">\u00a0<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #99cc00;\"><strong><span style=\"line-height: 13px;\">les exercices d&rsquo;application<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"TheTexte\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Nous avons vu en classe de cinqui\u00e8me que les paysages pouvaient \u00eatre modifi\u00e9s par des facteurs environnementaux tels que l&rsquo;eau, le vent, le gel, l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 humaine &#8230; &nbsp; D&rsquo;autres modifications sont elles le r\u00e9sultats d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 plus interne au globe. Comment expliquer l&rsquo;existence de ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes naturels comme les s\u00e9ismes ? &nbsp; partie 1: Les\u00a0s\u00e9ismes. 1\/ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[45,46,47],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=169"}],"version-history":[{"count":49,"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":237,"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/169\/revisions\/237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}