{"id":1482,"date":"2016-09-17T20:12:00","date_gmt":"2016-09-17T19:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/?page_id=1482"},"modified":"2020-03-17T18:03:16","modified_gmt":"2020-03-17T17:03:16","slug":"chapitre-4-relations-de-parente-entre-les-etres-vivants","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/?page_id=1482","title":{"rendered":"Chapitre 4 : Strat\u00e9gie de reproduction et maintient du vivant."},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-1482\"  class=\"panel-layout\" >\n<div id=\"pg-1482-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"  data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;,&quot;row_stretch&quot;:&quot;full-stretched&quot;,&quot;cell_alignment&quot;:&quot;flex-start&quot;}\"  data-ratio=\"0.46\"  data-ratio-direction=\"left\" >\n<div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1482-0\" data-stretch-type=\"full-stretched\" >\n<div id=\"pgc-1482-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\"  data-weight=\"0.31506849315068\" >\n<div id=\"panel-1482-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\" >\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1750 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Kanal_5_Sweden.svg-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Kanal_5_Sweden.svg-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Kanal_5_Sweden.svg-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Kanal_5_Sweden.svg-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Kanal_5_Sweden.svg.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pgc-1482-0-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\"  data-weight=\"0.68493150684932\" >\n<div id=\"panel-1482-0-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\" >\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">O<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">bjectif :\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Connaitre les \u00e9tapes de la reproduction sexu\u00e9e et asexu\u00e9e.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Discriminer (savoir faire la diff\u00e9rence) la reproduction sexu\u00e9e de la reproduction asexu\u00e9e.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Identifier un mode de reproduction d&rsquo;un \u00eatre vivant adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 son \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Relier les facteurs de l\u2019environnement \u00e0 la dynamique d\u2019une population.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pg-1482-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"  data-style=\"{&quot;background_image_attachment&quot;:false,&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;,&quot;row_stretch&quot;:&quot;full-stretched&quot;,&quot;cell_alignment&quot;:&quot;flex-start&quot;}\"  data-ratio=\"1\"  data-ratio-direction=\"right\" >\n<div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1482-1\" data-stretch-type=\"full-stretched\" >\n<div id=\"pgc-1482-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\"  data-weight=\"0.5\" >\n<div id=\"panel-1482-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\" >\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Par ici le plan de travail !!<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pgc-1482-1-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\"  data-weight=\"0.5\" >\n<div id=\"panel-1482-1-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\" >\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<div style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 50.00%; padding-top: 0; height: 0;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/view.genial.ly\/5e2f736da67cde1719c5fc13\" width=\"1600px\" height=\"800px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pg-1482-2\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"  data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;,&quot;row_stretch&quot;:&quot;full-stretched&quot;,&quot;cell_alignment&quot;:&quot;flex-start&quot;}\"  data-ratio=\"0.46\"  data-ratio-direction=\"left\" >\n<div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1482-2\" data-stretch-type=\"full-stretched\" >\n<div id=\"pgc-1482-2-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\"  data-weight=\"1\" >\n<div id=\"panel-1482-2-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"4\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\" >\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p>La <strong>reproduction<\/strong> est un m\u00e9canisme permettant de <strong>cr\u00e9er des \u00eatres vivants<\/strong>. <br \/>On rencontre deux types de reproduction.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Reproduction asexu\u00e9e<\/span> <br \/>un \u00eatre vivant se reproduit par reproduction asexu\u00e9e en se divisant en deux parties donnant chacune un nouvel \u00eatre vivant. <br \/>Les deux individus obtenus sont identiques entre eux (ce sont des clones)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Sch\u00e9ma de reproduction sexu\u00e9e chez la levure (\u00eatre vivant unicellulaire)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Reproduction sexu\u00e9e<\/span> <br \/>Elle s\u2019effectue en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un individu m\u00e2le et d&rsquo;un individu femelle de la m\u00eame esp\u00e8ce. Chaque individu donne une cellule sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e (cellule reproductrice) .<\/p>\n<p>Les cellules reproductrices se rencontrent et fusionnent pour donner un nouvel individu (le cellule \u0153uf) . <br \/>La cellule \u0153uf donnera l\u2019individu adulte.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pg-1482-3\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"  data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;,&quot;row_stretch&quot;:&quot;full-stretched&quot;,&quot;cell_alignment&quot;:&quot;flex-start&quot;}\"  data-ratio=\"0.46\"  data-ratio-direction=\"left\" >\n<div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1482-3\" data-stretch-type=\"full-stretched\" >\n<div id=\"pgc-1482-3-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\"  data-weight=\"1\" >\n<div id=\"panel-1482-3-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"5\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\" >\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">1\/ Mode de reproduction des animaux.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">La majorit\u00e9 des <strong>animaux<\/strong> se reproduisent par <strong>reproduction sexu\u00e9e<\/strong>.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">La <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>f\u00e9condation<\/strong><\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> est la rencontre et la fusion d&rsquo;une cellule reproductrice m\u00e2le et femelle. Les cellules reproductrices sont appel\u00e9es <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">gam\u00e8tes<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (n.m.)<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Cellule reproductrice<\/strong><\/span> = gam\u00e8te : <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Cellule m\u00e2le (spermatozo\u00efde) ou femelle (ov<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ocyte<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">) servant \u00e0 la reproduction.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">La f\u00e9condation aboutit \u00e0 la formation d&rsquo;une <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\" data-contrast=\"none\">cellule \u0153uf<\/span><\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, premi\u00e8re cellule de l&rsquo;individu<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Il existe 2 modes de f\u00e9condation :\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Une f\u00e9condation externe<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> : la rencontre et la fusion des cellules reproductrices s&rsquo;effectuent \u00e0 l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur du corps de la femelle.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Exemple : les poissons, les \u00e9toiles de mer.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0Remarque : la f\u00e9condation externe se rencontre uniquement dans un environnement liquide.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Une f\u00e9condation interne<\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> : la rencontre et la fusion des cellules reproductrices s&rsquo;effectuent \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du corps de la femelle.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">xemple<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> : les <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">oiseaux<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> les abeilles, l&rsquo;Homme.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">La f\u00e9condation interne <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">produit<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">moins<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">de<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> nouveaux <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">individus que la f\u00e9condation externe.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Le <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">taux de survie<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> ( pourcentage d\u2019individu arrivant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge adulte )est sup\u00e9rieur pour la f\u00e9condation interne par rapport \u00e0 la f\u00e9condation externe.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pg-1482-4\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"  data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;,&quot;row_stretch&quot;:&quot;full-stretched&quot;,&quot;cell_alignment&quot;:&quot;flex-start&quot;}\"  data-ratio=\"1\"  data-ratio-direction=\"right\" >\n<div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1482-4\" data-stretch-type=\"full-stretched\" >\n<div id=\"pgc-1482-4-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\"  data-weight=\"1\" >\n<div id=\"panel-1482-4-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"6\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\" >\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">2 \/Mode de reproduction de plantes \u00e0 fleurs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Les plantes \u00e0 fleur peuvent se reproduire soit par reproduction sexu\u00e9e soit par reproduction asexu\u00e9e.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">2.1\/Reproduction sexu\u00e9e chez les plantes \u00e0 fleurs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">La<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">r<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">eproduction<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> sexu\u00e9e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> des <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">plantes<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00e0<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">fl<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">eurs<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> n\u00e9cessite <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">la<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> rencontre <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">des <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">cellules<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> reproductrices<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">ellule<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> reproductrice = <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">gam\u00e8te<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"none\">:<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ellule<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> m\u00e2le (<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">pollen<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">) ou femelle (ovule) servant \u00e0 la reproduction.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\" data-contrast=\"none\">P<\/span><\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">ollinisation<\/span><\/strong> :<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> transport du pollen jusqu&rsquo;au pistil de la plante.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">D<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">iff\u00e9rents<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> agents sont <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">responsables<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> de la rencontre <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">des<\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">cellules<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> reproductrices m\u00e2les et <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">femelles.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">xemple : le vent, un animal.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:2,&quot;335551620&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">La <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\" data-contrast=\"none\">graine <\/span><\/strong><span data-contrast=\"auto\">contient le nouvel individu.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">L<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">es graines sont diss\u00e9min\u00e9es loin de la plante f\u00e9cond\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce aux fruits dispers\u00e9s par le vent, les animaux ou les plantes elle-m\u00eame.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">2.2\/ Reproduction asexu\u00e9e chez les plantes \u00e0 fleurs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ette reproduction permet la formation de nouveau individu sans intervention des cellules reproductrices.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Un nouvel<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"> individu <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">clone<\/span><\/strong><\/span> <span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">identique<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> au premier) peut se d\u00e9velopper \u00e0 partir <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">d&rsquo;un fragment<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> d&rsquo;un autre individu (plante m\u00e8re) par <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">reproduction asexu\u00e9e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> (= reproduction v\u00e9g\u00e9tative<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">E<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">xemple : marcottage, <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">boutur<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">age<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\" data-contrast=\"none\">Bouturage<\/span><\/strong> <span data-contrast=\"none\">:<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> reproduction asexu\u00e9e \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;un fragment d\u00e9tach\u00e9 ou coup\u00e9 de la plante m\u00e8re.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Marcottage<\/span><\/strong><span data-contrast=\"none\"> :<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> formation de racine sur une partie enterr\u00e9e d&rsquo;une tige de plante permettant \u00e0 cette partie un fonctionnement autonome<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pg-1482-5\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"  data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;,&quot;row_stretch&quot;:&quot;full-stretched&quot;,&quot;cell_alignment&quot;:&quot;flex-start&quot;}\"  data-ratio=\"1\"  data-ratio-direction=\"right\" >\n<div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1482-5\" data-stretch-type=\"full-stretched\" >\n<div id=\"pgc-1482-5-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\"  data-weight=\"1\" >\n<div id=\"panel-1482-5-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"7\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\" >\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">3\/ Strat\u00e9gie de reproduction et environnement.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">L\u2019activation de la reproduction ou le choix du mode de reproduction sont en lien avec les conditions du milieu de vie.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">L&rsquo;environnement influence \u00a0les dynamiques de <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">reproduction.(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> nombre d\u2019individus produits pour la prochaine g\u00e9n\u00e9ration.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><em>Exemples<\/em> :<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">La pr\u00e9sence de nourriture en abondance favorise la reproduction.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Une trop grande s\u00e9cheresse climatique diminue la reproduction de certains groupes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">La pr\u00e9sence de pr\u00e9dateur emp\u00eache les individus d&rsquo;arriver \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge adulte (diminution des reproducteurs).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Sch\u00e9ma montrant l\u2019influence de l\u2019environnement sur la reproduction.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pg-1482-6\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"  data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;,&quot;row_stretch&quot;:&quot;full-stretched&quot;,&quot;cell_alignment&quot;:&quot;flex-start&quot;}\"  data-ratio=\"1\"  data-ratio-direction=\"right\" >\n<div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1482-6\" data-stretch-type=\"full-stretched\" >\n<div id=\"pgc-1482-6-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\"  data-weight=\"1\" >\n<div id=\"panel-1482-6-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"8\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\" >\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>Bilan :\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Dans la reproduction sexu\u00e9e, la f\u00e9condation est la fusion d&rsquo;une cellule reproductrice m\u00e2le et femelle formant une cellule \u0153uf (nouvel individu).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hez les animaux, l<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a f\u00e9condation<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> peut \u00eatre interne ou <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">externe<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hez les <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">v\u00e9g\u00e9taux<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> la f\u00e9condation est possible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un agent de pollinisation <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">(<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">vent<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> animaux).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">C<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">hez les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux la reproduction peut \u00eatre <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">s<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">xu\u00e9e<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> ou asexu\u00e9e.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"5\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Les conditions du milieu influencent la reproduction des \u00eatres vivants.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:1,&quot;335551620&quot;:1,&quot;335559737&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"pg-1482-7\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"  data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;,&quot;row_stretch&quot;:&quot;full-stretched&quot;,&quot;cell_alignment&quot;:&quot;flex-start&quot;}\"  data-ratio=\"1\"  data-ratio-direction=\"right\" >\n<div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1482-7\" data-stretch-type=\"full-stretched\" >\n<div id=\"pgc-1482-7-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\"  data-weight=\"1\" >\n<div id=\"panel-1482-7-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"9\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\" >\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"panel-1482-7-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-last-child\" data-index=\"10\" data-style=\"{&quot;background_display&quot;:&quot;tile&quot;}\" >\n<div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Objectif :\u00a0\u00a0 Connaitre les \u00e9tapes de la reproduction sexu\u00e9e et asexu\u00e9e.\u00a0 Discriminer (savoir faire la diff\u00e9rence) la reproduction sexu\u00e9e de la reproduction asexu\u00e9e.\u00a0 Identifier un mode de reproduction d&rsquo;un \u00eatre vivant adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 son \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me.\u00a0 Relier les facteurs de l\u2019environnement \u00e0 la dynamique d\u2019une population.\u00a0 Par ici le plan de travail !! La reproduction est [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1322,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1482"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1482"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1482\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2550,"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1482\/revisions\/2550"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.logobio.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}